This review aimed to summarize longitudinal research about the interplay between sleep, mental health, and positive well-being in adolescents.Multiple search strategies were applied until 28 January 2023 to identify relevant research published in peer-reviewed journal articles or available grey literature. A final set of 63 studies were included in the systematic review and 42 in the meta-analysis.Results highlighted that long sleep duration, good sleep quality, and low insomnia symptoms were bidirectionally related to lower internalizing (Sleep T1 → Internalizing symptoms T2:  = -.20, < .001; Internalizing symptoms T1 → Sleep T2:  = -.21, < .001) and externalizing (Sleep T1 → Externalizing symptoms T2:  = -.15, < .001; Externalizing symptoms T1→ Sleep T2:  = -.17, < .001) symptoms, and to higher levels of psychological well-being (Sleep T1 → Psychological well-being T2:  = .15, < .001; Psychological well-being T1 → Sleep T2:  = .15, < .05). Moreover, good sleep was positively related to higher subjective well-being at a later time point ( = .18, < .001).Overall, these findings suggest a bidirectional relation between different aspects of sleep, mental health, and positive well-being.