The article presents the results of expeditionary and ethnobotanical studies on the study of the species diversity of medicinal plants of Central Uzbekistan and their use in pharmacy and medicine. It is shown that over 200 species of medicinal and related plants grow on the territory of Central Uzbekistan. The largest families in terms of the number of genera are Asteraceae, Appiaceae, Lamiaceae, Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae and others, the total number of which is 51%. The number of species is dominated by the genera Artemisia L., Ferula L., Nepeta L., Polygonum L. and others. Most of the medicinal plants of Central Uzbekistan are used only in folk medicine, and only 15-20% are included in the list of pharmacopoeial plants that are used in pharmacy and scientific medicine.