Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the short-term clinical outcomes of pulp capping using mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Angelus (Angelus Londrina, PR, Brazil) or Biodentine (Septodont, Saint Maur des Fosses, France) as capping materials in a prospective randomized controlled study. Subjects and Methods: A total of 50 teeth were confirmed to eligible for pulp capping randomly assigned into either the MTA Angelus or the Biodentine Group (25 teeth per group). Direct\indirect pulp capping was performed using these two materials, and clinical and radiographical evaluations were performed at 0, 3, and 6 months after the treatments. Teeth with no response to pulp vitality test and those exhibiting clinical or radiographic signs and/or symptoms of irreversible pulpitis or pulp necrosis were considered to be failures. Results: Forty-five patients (47 teeth) were examined at the 6-month follow-up (patient recall rate = 92%); 23 of these teeth were in the MTA Angelus group, and 24 were in the Biodentine group. The overall success rate was 93%, and the success rates in the MTA Angelus and Biodentine groups were 95.5% (21/23 teeth) and 96% (23/24 teeth), respectively. Statistical analyses of these success rates did not reveal any significant difference between the groups. Conclusions: In this randomized controlled study, no significant difference in the short-term clinical outcomes of direct\indirect pulp capping using MTA Angelus or Biodentine as the capping material was found.