Standardized and effective antibiotic therapy regimes in gynecology need to be based on the protocols prescribed by acknowledged specialists. Antibiotic therapy can have either prophylactic or therapeutic purposes. Antibiotics of the narrowest possible spectrum are recommended, as well as their shortest while most effective application. The choice is firstly determined by the effectiveness and secondly by the price. Preventive use of antibiotics and the doses in gynecological surgery depend on the type of surgery. If antibiotic therapy is prophylactic, first generation cephalosporin should always be used. Irrational antibiotic therapy, especially when using third generation cephalosporin, can result in strains of resistant hospital bacteria.