Comparison analysis of the state of newborns in the conditions of the absence of prenatal iodine prevention (group 1); irregular receiving inadequate preventive doses of iodine-containing drugs (group 2); adequate prenatal iodine prevention (group 3) has been carried out. It is shown that only an adequate consumption of iodine by pregnant women (at least 250 ug of potassium iodide per day) can significantly reduce the frequency of neonatal disorders of adaptation (in 2,3-2,5 times), disharmonious physical development (in 2,5-2,8 times), perinatal encephalopathy (in 1,5-1,7 times), acute infectious diseases (in 1,5-1,6 times) and neonatal hyperthyreotropinemia (in 4,2-9,4 times)