The use of PGF2 α is based on its luteolytic effect causing regression of corpus luteum and allows development of dominant follicle on the ovary that result in estrus and ovulation in 72 to 96 hours after its administration. Moreover, the PGF2 α also causes relaxation of cervix and smooth muscle contractions of uterus. The use of PGF2 α may provide microbial resistance in uterine environment, on one hand and can favour and enhance body defense mechanism / phagocytic activity on the other hand. PGF2 α is widely used to get rid of from the conditions like luteal cystic ovarian disease, persistent corpus luteum, endometritis, abnormal pregnancy, pyometra, retention of placenta and mummification. It has been now in vogue to administer PGF2 α or its analogue in early postpartum cows and buffaloes in order to hasten early resumption of cyclic ovarian activity and thereby to increase the reproductive efficiency.