Background Sonohysterography refers to a procedure in which fluid is instilled into uterine cavity transcervically during trans-vaginal ultrasound examination to visualize uterine cavity and tubal patency. This procedure is unknown for the most researchers and physicians in our country. Material and Methods: We collected the valid articles about sonohysterography in literatures in the last decade (2000-2012). We searched in Google scholar, Pub med, OVID, MEDLINE, EMBAS, Cochrane Labrary, SID, Iran medex, Mag Iran, and Med Lab. Results: The accuracy of sonohysterography in evaluation of uterine cavity is the same as hysteroscopy. This procedure has ability to visualize uterine cavity and to differentiate between septate and bicornuate uterus. In comparison with hysterosalpingography, this procedure gives more information about uterine cavity. Sonohysterography has high sensitivity and specificity in the evaluation of tubal patency. It serves as valuable first line screening test in abnormal uterine bleeding and congenital uterine anomalies. Conclusion: Sonohysterography is a useful, cost-effective, simple and safe screening method with high quality and low potential for side effects for the evaluation of uterine cavity and tubal patency in infertile women and the patients with abnormal uterine bleeding. Patients tolerate this procedure well. This procedure can be used as a screening test for patients who need invasive procedures.