This essay addresses the great transcendence that the land reform has on the economy of China, which was implemented on October 12th of the year 2008 in the plenary session of the XVII Central Committee of PCCH, in Beijing. The investigation analyses the importance that the agriculture and the food self-sufficiency have within the economic policies of China, not only as a national priority, but also its possible impacts on the international market and the world feeding. It examines the land reform’s history performed after the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, the agrarian distribution, the agricultural collectiveness, the formation of the communes and the way to the establishment of the contractual system through the families, implemented by the reforms of Deng Xioaping in 1978. It culminates with a paragraph dedicated to interpret its significance, and it analyses the possible economy implications for China’s own economy and the scopes of these reforms on the international field.