A novel actinomycete, strain PA1-10, isolated from the leaf of Phyllanthus amarus collected from Bangkok, Thailand, was characterized taxonomically using a polyphasic approach. This strain contained the characteristics consistent with those of members of the genus Nonomuraea. It formed short rugose spore chain on aerial mycelium. The diamino acid in cell wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. Galactose, glucose, madurose, mannose, and ribose were found in whole-cell hydrolysates. Predominant menaquinones were MK-9 (H), MK-9 (H), and MK-9 (H). Major cellular fatty acids were iso-C and C 10-methyl. Phospholipid profiles were composed of phosphatidylinositol mannoside (PIM), lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine (lyso-PE), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), methylphosphatidylethanolamine (PME), diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and phosphatidylglycerol (PG). The G + C content of DNA was 71.2 mol%. Strain PA1-10 showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nonomuraea candida JCM 15928 (98.35%) and shared the same node with Nonomuraea maritima JCM 18321 in the phylogenetic tree analysis. Based on the phenotypic characteristics, DNA-DNA relatedness, and average nucleotide identity (ANI), the strain is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea phyllanthi is proposed. The type strain is PA1-10 (= JCM 33073 = NBRC 112774 = TISTR 2497).