The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of human memory in language   comprehension and   specifically to examine the relationship between the function of working memory and the fields of linguistic analysis which  are  phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics. Working memory -as one of the most important cognitive skills of human brain- comprises a system with specific functions with which the information from the external environment are being transferred, encoded, stored and retrieved. The present  study is an attempt to explore which specific function of working memory is activated in order to decode each linguistic field of analysis. Furthermore,   it features the current scientific achievements on the ICTs processes and tools, which exploit the cognitive skill of memory and they are applied   in the assessment of difficulties in text comprehension, intervention and training of the language comprehension ability.