The development of lung cancer is a complex and multistep process in which the functioning of many genes and the regulating mechanisms of the cell cycle, growth, cell differentiation, apoptosis, signals transduction from the cell surface to the nucleus, and DNA repair is structurally and functionally disrupted. Currently, specific attention has been paid to studies on the allelic polymorphism of oncogenes and oncosuppressors, which are the cell cycle regulators. We evaluated the frequency distribution of the alleles and genotypes of three polymorphisms: Bcl-2 (-938C>A), Bax (-248G>A), and p27 (-326T>G). Genomic DNA was obtained from 93 patients with lung cancer and 230 healthy controls. DNA samples were genotyped on the polymorphism of three genes. The study was performed using the PCR/RFLP analysis. The frequency of the minor genotypes of Bcl-2 (-938C>A) and Bax (-248G>A) polymorphisms in lung cancer patients was higher than that observed in the control group of healthy individuals. It was noted that risking relevance to the origin and development of lung cancer has a carrier functionally defective variants of cell cycle-regulated genes Bcl-2 (-938C>A) and Bax (-248G>A). The results of our study can be utilized to identify the groups at high risk of developing lung cancer, in order to further the discovery of preventive actions.