The opbjective of the study is to determine the features of the colon microbiocenosis in children with community-acquired pneumonia depending on concomitant mild iron deficiency anemia. Materials and methods. The study involved 48 patients with community-acquired pneumonia and 18 apparently healthy children. Bacteriological study of intestinal microflora was conducted by the method of Epstein-Litvak. The findings showed that the intestinal microflora of patients with community-acquired pneumonia is different from that of healthy individuals. Colon microflora in children with community-acquired pneumonia as a whole is characterized by reduced obligate bacteria (bifidobacteria, normal E.coli, lactobacilli) and the growth of opportunistic pathogenic microflora. The colon of patients with community-acquired pneumonia, associated with iron deficiency anemia, is characterized by more significant change in the microbiota (deficiency of bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, reduced total number of E.coli and rising titer of Staphylococcus, yeast-like fungi, opportunistic pathogenic microflora). Thus, impaired bowel microbiota in children with community-acquired pneumonia associated with iron deficiency anemia may be a reason to include probiotic preparation into the complex of pathogenetic therapy.