Prospective memory denotes the ability to remember to perform actions in the future, and may be affected in different ways by the emotional content of the elements determining it. In the laboratory context, this situation can be reproduced through the induction of emotions during the performance of prospective memory tasks. We investigated whether by inducing a negative or positive emotion after the performance of a programmed task we were respectively “punishing” or “rewarding” such responses. If this proved to be the case, we further studied whether this would have an effect on remembering to perform it again in the future. We discuss this issue by analysing recent related work and we propose the use of operant procedures to analyze the effect of emotion on prospective memory.