The sexually transmitted disease especially HIV infection is one of the global burdens. In Indonesia (2015), approximately 735.000 people were living with HIV/AIDS. Besides its comorbidity of opportunity infection, we should also concern about its complication. One of the most common neurology complications is HIV associated sensory neuropathy. Regarding its current treatment, such as didanosine, stavudine, and zalcitabine, these treatments also contribute to the developing of HIV-SN. The role of nervous system involvement in HIV-SN including macrophage infiltration and loss of unmyelinated fibers in peripheral nerve and dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Several new studies showed the involvement of glial cells (microglia and astrocyte). In this review, we will describe the further mechanism of glial cells involvement in the pathogenesis of HIV-SN.