Introduction: In this experimental study we aimed to examine the in vivo effect of soluble complement receptor type 1 (sCR1) in preventing local and distant organ injury in an ischemia reperfusion model via the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). Using these data, it may be possible to determine the clinical usage of sCR1. Material and Methods: 24 male rats, weighing between 200 and 250 g, were classified into four groups. In group 1, the SMA was clamped for 60 minutes. In group 2, intravenous (IV) sCR1 was given after laparotomy. In group 3, the SMA was clamped for 60 min, at the 60th minute IV sCR1 was administered, and then 1 min later reperfusion was carried out. Group 4 was the laparotomy group. To investigate organ injury, liver function tests (serum AST and ALT levels) and kidney function tests (serum BUN and creatinine levels) were carried out. To evaluate the systemic and local effects of inflammation, total serum levels of protein, albumin, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were tested. In tissue samples, glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) positive neutrophil counts were identified. Results: According to the statistical analysis, sCR1 was shown to reduce the ischemia-reperfusion injury and have antiinflammatory effects. In addition, distant organ injury due to reperfusion was prevented by sCR1. Conclusion: sCR1 was verified to decrease both mortality and morbidity. [Arch Clin Exp Surg 2017; 6(3.000): 126-131]