The application of hydrophobic particles of bagasse of sugarcane in the treatment of water contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons was investigated, in order to provide low-cost solutions. The effect of particle size distribution, the quantity of hidrofobant agent and operational method for oil / bagasse contact were examined. The highest percentage of removed oil by deduction was 94% during 30 min of batch operation, for an average particle diameter of 457 microns and hydrophobic with 30% w/w of paraffin; separation remained virtually unchanged above this value. The mechanism of adhesion of oil on the particles of bagasse was adjusted to a potential model, with values of the coefficient and exponent of 0.011 and 0.559, respectively. The final disposal of the means used as adsorbent is eased by the potential as combustion materials of bagasse as well the hydrocarbons.