HIV infection targets at the human in the human body and targeting damage to immune system to compromise the result in hypoimmunity. HIV associated damages to tissues and organs as well as AIDS related infections caused by various pathogens and neoplasms are clinically common. AIDS related diseases are the main cause of death in patients with AIDS. Therefore, early prevention as well as appropriate and immediate treatment against AIDS related diseases play key role in prolonging the survival period and improving quality of life in patients with AIDS. In recent years, medical radiology has gained rapid development, which plays an important role in diagnosing and treating HIV/AIDS related diseases. The findings by medical radiology constitute an important chain of evidence for HIV/AIDS related diseases. Developed from traditional morphological radiology to current functional and molecular radiology, the modern medical radiology is providing a flood of diagnostic information to guide clinical practice. It is expected to provide accurate data for the location of lesions as well as quantitatively and qualitatively radiological diagnosis. Based on the radiological data, the goal of individualized treatment can be achieved.