A subject area that has become important nowadays, given the different changes taking place in the structure of core criminal law, is the reaction to the criminal phenomenon and how this is arranged and organized by States. The design and implementation of a criminal policy in line with the political, economic, social, historical and cultural conditions of the State where such policy is developed are necessary premises of the analysis to address this issue. The concept we have of criminal policy, in a broad or narrow sense, allows us to understand its nature and its encompassing and comprehensive contents. A discussion of the fields of action of those criminal policies is emerging, that goes from the very concept of substantive and procedural rule to how such provision is implemented, with a perspective on the Cuban experience is the key focus of this research.