Cochlear implant, converting mechanical sound energy into electrical signal, is a device that can enables to detection of sounds from cochlea. Cochlear implantation is the name of cochlear implants to be placed in the cochlea. This procedure brings up some difficulties in terms of anesthesia and surgery. Both range of patients population and surgical complications make different implantation applications. Besides age group of children who underwent surgery, this procedure can be applied to all age groups. During surgery, anesthesia technics which allow the immobil bloodness field and fascial nerve neuromonitorisation must be performed. During recovery period from surgery, it is important that patient's head movement must be kept slow and controlled for preventing implant replacement. Also in this period, neuromuscular blocking must be fully reversed for fascial nerve examination. In this article, preoperative preparation, anesthetic management and surgical aspects of cochlear implantation surgery were reviewed. [Archives Medical Review Journal 2015; 24(2.000): 159-170]