This research was the aim of studying the prevalence of intestinal parasites in school children of the one public school on the periphery of the city of Jequié-BA, and the factors keys involved in the epidemiology of enteroparasites. They were analyzed fecal samples by the sedimentation technique. They obtained data on personal and socioeconomic parameters. Of the 179 parasitological stool tests, 136 (76%) had one or more parasites. Prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides was the highest 47 (34,6%), followed by Schistosoma mansoni 36 (26,5%), Giardia lamblia 31 (22,8%), E. histolytica/E. dispar 25 (18,4%), E. coli 21 (15,4%), Trichuris trichiura 19 (14%), Hymenolepis nana 16 (11,8%), Ancilostomídeos 12 (8,8%), Iodamoeba butschili 3 (2,2%), Enterobius vermicularis 1 (0,74%). The positive cases were sent to public clinic for treatments. In the school, the children received educational orientation and their family too. It was observed association between the high prevalence of intestinal parasites and habitation, environments, hygiene and sanitary conditions. It was conclude that they need to improve their life conditions. The discussions about fight for the right to the health must be continuously troubled in the school environment so that future citizens could form a new mentality about the importance of protection against diseases.