Pulmonary embolism is a potentially lethal disorder, consequent tothrombi formed in the deep venous system that, once detached,cross the right chambers of the heart, thus obstructing the pulmonaryartery or one of its branches. Mortality rate associated to untreatedembolism is approximately 30%. A quick diagnosis is crucial, sincetreatment reduces mortality and morbidity, and improves the qualityof life for reducing the likelihood of thromboembolic pulmonaryhypertension and post-thrombotic syndrome. The objective of thisarticle is to present a literature review on this condition, divided intotwo parts. On the first part we approach the practical aspects of itsepidemiology, pathophysiology, identification of risk factors, clinical,laboratorial and imaging diagnostic methods. On the second, themain aspects of its medical and surgical treatments are addressed.