Two "subspecies" of the diplopod genus Macrochaetosoma Absolon & Lang, M. troglomontanum biokovense Mršić & M. troglomontanum deleemanorum Gulička are synonymized and attributed to M. troglomontanum Absolon & Lang. Abundant material from Montenegro and Herzegovina led us to reanalyze taxonomic relationships of member of the genus Macrochaetosoma (as well as these of some related taxa); some biogeographic and phylogenetic details are also briefly discussed.