Acute renal failure (ARF) is one of the main renal disorders, which is characterized by deterioration (in hours or days) of the glomerular filtration rate. Serum creatinine is the marker typically used in clinical practice for the diagnosis and monitoring of the IRA. However, it has the disadvantage of being a late marker and influenced by multiple variables. In order to overcome this limitation new biomarkers of AKI were obtained, such as interleukin 18 (Interleukin 18), gelatinase-associated lipocalin neutrophil (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin), kidney injury molecule (kidney injury molecule) and cystatin C (cystatin-C), which have higher sensitivity, specificity and ability to determine the location of the damage and the IRA evolution respect to serum creatinine.