The results of geoecological research on water bodies of the Central Federal District of Russia are presented. Recreational availability of water bodies determines the level of access to water bodies and the coastal zone and their use for recreational activities by several geoecological characteristics and indicators. The studies included water sampling for chemical, microbiological analysis, and water quality assessment of water bodies and watercourses in the Central Federal District. Databases of morphometric and hydrological characteristics of water bodies have been compiled, access to the coastal zone and water area of reservoirs has been assessed. The recreational potential of water bodies is calculated based on the load on the generally accessible coastal zone, it is specified by natural and cartographic data. It was found that most water bodies have a ban on recreational water use. This is due to poor water quality in chemical and microbiological terms. Most water bodies are insufficiently surveyed and do not have equipped areas for recreational use. Recreation areas are located locally, the water bodies banks are heavily loaded in the summer. This leads to the degradation of the vegetation cover, contamination and re-compaction of the soil, the emergence of unauthorized dumps, increased pressure on the water body areas, the risk of spreading infectious and skin diseases. Access to the coastal zone of water bodies and watercourses in the Moscow Region and adjacent regions is also a problem. This is due to the high level of construction of building near large reservoirs, rivers, and lakes.