In the period of development of different applied methods throughout the history of the art of painting, XVII century Dutch Painting holds a significact place. In this work the applied “imprimatura”, the first layer of painting (underpainting) and the layers of coloring will be reviewed through prominent artists such as Rembrandt Van Rijn (1606-1669), Nicolaes Maes (1634-1693), Matthias Stomer (1600-1652), Frans Hals (1581/85-1666) and Jan Van Goyen (1591/6-1656) step by step and the optical effects they made on the appereance of the painting will be surfaced.