The article presents the current views on microelementosis as component of intrauterine pneumonia pathogenesis. For the determination of trace elements content in biological media (serum and red blood cells, urine) the method of atomic absorption spectrophotometry has been used. The content of microelements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Mn, Cr) was measured in cord blood, as well as on the 7th and 14th day of life. It is found that infants with intrauterine pneumonia, regardless of gestational age, have a significant imbalance of trace elements. These changes depend on the gestational age and days of life.