Single drop microextraction (SDME) combined with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry was proposed to extract Silver (Ag) from aqueous samples into a drop of ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [C4MIM][PF6]), after complexation with 8-hydroxyquinoline (8HQ). The multivariate strategy was applied to estimate the optimum values of experimental factors for the recovery of Ag. The limit of detection and enhancement factor were 1.12 ng L-1 and 80, respectively. The validity and accuracy of proposed method was checked by analysis of real water sample through standard addition method. The proposed method was successfully applied to determine Ag in different fresh canal water samples.