Resident standardization training has been started and spreaded out gradually in China. Resident standardization training is crucial to ensure the clinician homogenization, improve medical service quality and level of medical treatment and health care, so it received much attention from all sides. Residency training in American has a history of nearly a century. Systematic model of residency training in the United States had been established for nearly 50 years, and it is a typical representative and successful example of the western medical education. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the institutional arrangements and development direction of the resident standardization training in China, based on comparison of the two residency training system between the two countries on target, schedule, management institution, evaluation and remuneration.