The dangers posed by herbicidal chemicals to organisms and the environment are pointed out in this review of their development beginning in World War II. In particular, the toxic results of the spraying of dioxin (Agent Orange) in Vietnam are detailed, with corroborating data from clinical and field studies and reports of related industrial accidents. Despite a recent ban imposed on all dioxin-containing herbicides by the Environmental Protection Agency, widespread domestic use of herbicides continues and acceptance of the dangers is incomplete. As a result, forensic scientists must remain alert to potential hazards stemming from the use of these contaminants in their communities at least until strict federal regulatory legislation can be enacted.