The rate of resistance to tetracycline and chloramphenicol amongSalmonella strains isolated in the Netherlands in 1961 was found to be 3.96%, the corresponding figures for 1958/1959 and 1961 being 2.08 and 1.29 respectively. In this country the total number ofSalmonella types found to develop resistance to either tetracycline or chloramphenicol now amounts to 38. Almost 77% of all resistant strains isolated in 1961 were found among the human pathogenS.typhimurium. The relative frequency of resistance in this organism was 8.18%, as compared with 2.50% in 1958/1959 and 1.80% in 1960. In 1961 some cross infections caused by tetracycline resistant strains ofS.typhimurium were observed in man and on one occasion also in a herd of calves. A similar outbreak due to a tetracycline resistant strain ofS.bovis morbificans was seen in a hospital. As almost 87% of all antibiotic resistant strains found in 1961 originated from human patients, the resistance must be largely attributed to the therapeutic use of the drugs in question.