National Center for Biotechnology Information NCBI NLM MEDLINE humans pubmed abstract nih national institutes of health national library of medicine prognosis treatment outcome adult female male age factors middle aged risk factors Retrospective Studies body mass index Fracture Fixation ankle fractures / surgery* risk assessment / methods pmid:30968203 doi:10.1007/s00590-019-02430-6 gianluca testa marco ganci vito pavone ankle fractures / diagnosis ankle joint* / diagnostic imaging ankle joint* / physiopathology ankle joint* / surgery fracture dislocation / diagnosis internal* / adverse effects internal* / methods open fracture reduction* / adverse effects open fracture reduction* / methods postoperative complications* / diagnosis postoperative complications* / etiology postoperative complications* / physiopathology postoperative complications* / prevention & control