To improve the health outcomes of survivors of stroke, it is critical that they are highly motivated to engage in rehabilitation activities. Despite the increasing prevalence of strokes among middle-aged adults, there is limited knowledge regarding factors that may affect survivors' motivation to engage in rehabilitation.The aim of this study was to examine the relationship among factors that predict the rehabilitation motivation of middle-aged survivors after a stroke through structural equation modeling.A total of 200 middle-aged (40-64 years) survivors of stroke from 9 rehabilitation hospitals in Korea completed questionnaires on depressive symptoms, self-efficacy, social support, and rehabilitation motivation. Information on clinical characteristics, including physical function (activities performed during daily life), was collected through the review of medical records. Structural equation modeling was used to construct a prediction model of rehabilitation motivation.The average subject's age was 56.2 ± 6.6 years, and the mean time since the event of their stroke was 15.02 ± 8.95 months. Subjects' self-efficacy (being able to live everyday life) after their stroke (β = .500, P < .001) and the social support provided by family and medical personnel (β = .284, P < .010) directly affected their rehabilitation motivation. The bootstrapping method showed that depressive symptoms indirectly affected rehabilitation motivation through self-efficacy, as did physical function.In middle-aged survivors of stroke, self-efficacy and social support play a critical role in maintaining intrinsic motivation to engage in rehabilitation activities. Self-efficacy should be evaluated periodically and improved by encouraging individuals to achieve goals, emphasizing their self-regulation, especially among those who reported depressive symptoms and low physical function.