This data article describes a dataset of 208 cases representing assessments of entrepreneurial orientation and organizational culture variables obtained from a web-based survey addressing owners and/or CEOs of German family firms. It includes data on five dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation (innovativeness, proactiveness, risk taking, autonomy, competitive aggressiveness), three dimensions of long-term orientation (futurity, perseverance, continuity), six dimensions of stewardship climate (organizational identification, collectivist orientation, power distance, involvement orientation, use of personal power, intrinsic motivation), three dimensions of learning orientation (commitment to learning, shared vision, open-mindedness), willingness to change, error management culture, and family commitment culture. Additionally, firm-level attributes (e.g., industry, age, size) and top management-level characteristics (e.g., generational involvement, involvement of the founder) are included.