The issues raised in the article go in line with a current linguistic problem – dialectal mapping of the territory of Volgograd region. The language material that constitutes the empirical base of the research was collected during dialectological expeditions in Staropoltavsky district of Volgograd region (the village of Belokamenka, Krasny Yar, Cherebaevo), these dialects are considered to be in the group named zavolzhsky. The identity of the afore mentioned group of dialects is manifested not only on the phonetic and grammar levels, but also in word-formation and lexical peculiarities, the latter two were studied as formal structures of dialectal nouns that belong to various lexico-semantic groups. The following results of the research are generalized in the article: word-building characteristics of the derived words, their derivational base and formants, morphonological processes as occurring during formation of a new nomination (category); every derivational morpheme is characterized with respect to its regularity; cases of semantic derivation are presented. The analysis of non-derivative nouns resulted in their allocation to certain groups of phonetic, morphological or semantic dialectisms. Interpretation of complex cases associated with possible ambiguous interpretations of the processes that contributed to the emergency of a particular unit in the lexical system of the dialect are explained.