Library Management Practices of Public and Private Librarians: A Comparative Analysis

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{"abstract":"The study aimed to compare the library management practices of public and private librarians in Regions XI and XII in terms of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. A descriptive-comparative research design was used to analyze the data with the use of a self-made questionnaire that was subjected to a test of reliability and content validity. A total of seventy-four (74) librarians from the private libraries and sixty-one (61) librarians from the public libraries were selected using purposive and universal sampling techniques. The researcher employed mean scores and independent-samples t-test to analyze and interpret the data gathered. Results revealed that public librarians demonstrate a very high level of library management practices in terms of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Similarly, private librarians exhibit a high level of library management practices in terms of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. This implies that the core management practices of both public and private librarians demonstrate an excellent administrative function and adhere to the standards of managerial techniques. Furthermore, the study also determined significance differences in the library management practices between the public and private librarians. The results revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between public and private librarians in terms of planning practices, leading practices, and overall library management practices. However, statistically significant differences were observed in organizing and controlling practices.","abstract_source":"original","authors":["Margie Ondoy","Maria Lorena Abangan"],"date":"2026-07-14","doi":"10.70838/pemj.600109","id":8476,"issue":1,"journal":{"issn":"2822-4353","name":"Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal"},"pdf_sha256":"fd7d51aad3408f608ec3735811bab657b6269c67291348d7575ec89bd85d83b0","schema":"scimatic-article/1","title":"Library Management Practices of Public and Private Librarians: A Comparative Analysis","volume":60}

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printf '%s' "$(curl -s https://scimatic.org/nft/articles/8476.json | jq -r .canonical_record)" | sha256sum

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curl -s https://rpc.scimatic.net -H 'content-type: application/json' \
  -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"eth_call","params":[{"to":"0x0E596B4bb924937aA35D9b342A90347ed6F05eF8","data":"0xf3e0c290000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000211c"},"latest"]}'

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