School Heads’ Leadership Essentials and Its Influence on School-Based Management Performance

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{"abstract":"This quantitative descriptive–correlational study examined the relationship between school heads’ leadership essentials and School-Based Management (SBM) performance in the southern districts of the Division of Eastern Samar during the 2024–2025 school year. Data were gathered from 440 teacher-respondents who assessed the leadership practices of their respective school heads, while SBM performance was obtained from the school heads’ Office Performance Commitment and Review Form (OPCRF) ratings. Descriptive statistics and Pearson product–moment correlation were used to analyze the data. Results revealed that school heads were perceived to highly demonstrate leadership essentials, with particularly high mean ratings for empathy (M = 4.94), integrity (M = 4.89), and adaptability (M = 4.84). In terms of SBM performance, 86.67% of the school heads obtained an Outstanding rating based on OPCRF results. Correlation analysis indicated statistically significant but negligible positive relationships between SBM performance and communication (r = .184, p < .001) as well as learning agility (r = .184, p < .001). The relationship between adaptability and SBM performance was not statistically significant (r = .127, p = .08). Integrity and empathy likewise showed no significant relationships with SBM performance. These findings suggest that although school heads demonstrate strong leadership qualities, such competencies show only minimal statistical association with SBM performance indicators. This implies that broader organizational, contextual, and systemic factors beyond individual leadership attributes may also influence SBM outcomes. The study recommends strengthening leadership development programs while further exploring institutional variables that may contribute to effective SBM implementation.","abstract_source":"original","authors":["Darwin Macawile","Conrado Lombrio"],"date":"2026-07-07","doi":"10.70838/pemj.590509","id":8335,"issue":5,"journal":{"issn":"2822-4353","name":"Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal"},"pdf_sha256":"e49234a28b6443bd1d61e700f0b0786cfffb2948cde6beded496c3c60b3a4e0a","schema":"scimatic-article/1","title":"School Heads’ Leadership Essentials and Its Influence on School-Based Management Performance","volume":59}

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