Enhancing Mathematics Learning Outcomes through Manipulative-Based Instruction

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{"abstract":"This quasi-experimental study investigated the effectiveness of manipulative-based instruction in enhancing Grade 4 learners' mathematics performance in time conversion concepts. Thirty-four students from Bacayan Elementary School, Cebu City, Philippines, participated in a two-week intervention using a pretest-posttest control group design. Participants were divided into a control group receiving traditional instruction (n=17) and an experimental group receiving manipulative-based instruction using math wheels (n=17). A researcher-developed and validated 10-item mathematics test assessed time conversion competencies. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, paired-samples t-tests for within-group comparisons, and independent-samples t-tests for between-group comparisons, all conducted at α=0.05. Results revealed equivalent baseline performance between groups (control: M=4.35, SD=2.12; experimental: M=4.35, SD=2.06; t=0.00, p=1.00). Following intervention, both groups improved significantly; however, the experimental group achieved substantially higher posttest scores (M=8.76, SD=1.44) compared to the control group (M=6.29, SD=2.17), with this difference being statistical significance (t=3.91, p=0.04). Within-group analyses confirmed significant pretest-to-posttest gains for both groups, with the experimental group demonstrating larger effect sizes (control: t=7.25, p","abstract_source":"original","authors":["Enjel Mae Cadampog","Angela May Velayo","John Sedrick A. Melgar"],"date":"2026-07-02","doi":"10.70838/pemj.590107","id":8276,"issue":1,"journal":{"issn":"2822-4353","name":"Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal"},"pdf_sha256":"910b5d8d97cdef3e91823ac2bd0e82ce7bf9a8ed400c6fa07cbd2187c67e846e","schema":"scimatic-article/1","title":"Enhancing Mathematics Learning Outcomes through Manipulative-Based Instruction","volume":59}

Check it yourself

1. The record, from the token's own metadata:

printf '%s' "$(curl -s https://scimatic.org/nft/articles/8276.json | jq -r .canonical_record)" | sha256sum

2. The hash stored on chain (contentHash(8276)):

curl -s https://rpc.scimatic.net -H 'content-type: application/json' \
  -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"eth_call","params":[{"to":"0x0E596B4bb924937aA35D9b342A90347ed6F05eF8","data":"0xf3e0c2900000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002054"},"latest"]}'

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