The Moderating Role of Control in Decision-Making on the Relationship Between Leadership Skills and Organizational Effectiveness of Philippine National Police

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{"abstract":"This study examined the moderating role of control in decision-making on the relationship between leadership skills and organizational effectiveness among personnel of the Philippine National Police (PNP) in Davao del Sur, Philippines. Using a quantitative descriptive-correlational research design with moderation analysis, data were collected from 298 police personnel assigned across ten police stations. Standardized survey instruments were utilized to measure leadership skills, organizational effectiveness, and control in decision-making. Descriptive statistics, Pearson product-moment correlation, and hierarchical regression analysis were employed to analyze the data. Results revealed that respondents demonstrated a high level of leadership skills (M = 4.18, SD = 0.58), particularly in managing detailed work tasks (M = 4.31), while organizational effectiveness was also rated high overall (M = 4.19, SD = 0.59), with teamwork and leadership ability obtaining the highest mean scores (M = 4.25). Control in decision-making obtained a very high rating (M = 4.25, SD = 0.60), indicating strong confidence and composure among officers when making decisions. Correlation analysis showed significant positive relationships between leadership skills and organizational effectiveness (r = .849, p < .001), leadership skills and decision-making (r = .746, p < .001), and decision-making and organizational effectiveness (r = .733, p < .001). Moderation analysis further revealed that decision-making partially moderated the relationship between leadership skills and organizational effectiveness (β = -0.133, p < .001). The findings indicate that leadership competencies and effective decision-making significantly contribute to enhancing organizational effectiveness within the PNP.","abstract_source":"original","authors":["Leelen Villanueva","William Revisa"],"date":"2026-05-27","doi":"10.70838/pemj.570206","id":7968,"issue":2,"journal":{"issn":"2822-4353","name":"Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal"},"pdf_sha256":"de4df814fcf42ec2db89aab90d785b2c9beecc2ce89a829b2610cf70d9d291eb","schema":"scimatic-article/1","title":"The Moderating Role of Control in Decision-Making on the Relationship Between Leadership Skills and Organizational Effectiveness of Philippine National Police","volume":57}

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1. The record, from the token's own metadata:

printf '%s' "$(curl -s https://scimatic.org/nft/articles/7968.json | jq -r .canonical_record)" | sha256sum

2. The hash stored on chain (contentHash(7968)):

curl -s https://rpc.scimatic.net -H 'content-type: application/json' \
  -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"eth_call","params":[{"to":"0x0E596B4bb924937aA35D9b342A90347ed6F05eF8","data":"0xf3e0c2900000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001f20"},"latest"]}'

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