Implementing the Structure of Observed Learning Outcomes (SOLO) Framework Using SciLAPS in Earth and Space Science 7 Instruction

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{"abstract":"In 2022, the Philippines scored 129 points below the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) average in science, making the need to improve science instruction apparent. Thus, this study examined the effectiveness of implementing the Structure of Observed Learning Outcomes (SOLO) framework through Science Learning Activity Packets (SciLAPS) in teaching Earth and Space 7 to Grade 7 students at a public science high school. As a theoretical foundation, SOLO has been found to improve science literacy, while ScieLAPS has shown aid in retention and performance. A quasi-experimental design was employed, involving 54 randomly assigned participants: 27 in the control group and 27 in the experimental group. Pretest results revealed low performance across both groups. The control group scored an overall mean of 2.27 (SD = 0.87), while the experimental group scored 2.83 (SD = 0.81), indicating limited prior knowledge. Posttest scores showed marked improvement in the experimental group, which achieved an overall mean of 6.64 (SD = 0.98), compared to the control group’s 3.87 (SD = 0.69). Significant differences were observed in all three competencies: classifying geological faults (mean diff. = 2.30, p < .00001), explaining fault movements (mean diff. = 2.85, p < .00001), and describing earthquake effects (mean diff. = 3.15, p < .00001). Perception data from the experimental group indicated strong acceptance of the SOLO-based SciLAPS. The highest-rated item, “encourages me to reflect on my own level of performance,” received a mean of 4.56 (SD = 0.51), while the overall perception mean was 4.02 (SD = 0.51), interpreted as Acceptable. It is concluded that SOLO-based SciLAPS should be integrated into Earth and Space 7 instruction to enhance conceptual understanding, critical thinking, and student engagement. The study also recommends adopting structured, theory-informed learning packets to improve science outcomes in similar educational contexts.","abstract_source":"original","authors":["Sarah Jane Imo","Janeth Lacostales"],"date":"2026-04-22","doi":"10.70838/pemj.550603","id":7682,"issue":6,"journal":{"issn":"2822-4353","name":"Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal"},"pdf_sha256":"ac0ac3f157d1db5a75eb0542637707c5fa360013781249c284ff2de7745a7312","schema":"scimatic-article/1","title":"Implementing the Structure of Observed Learning Outcomes (SOLO) Framework Using SciLAPS in Earth and Space Science 7 Instruction","volume":55}

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printf '%s' "$(curl -s https://scimatic.org/nft/articles/7682.json | jq -r .canonical_record)" | sha256sum

2. The hash stored on chain (contentHash(7682)):

curl -s https://rpc.scimatic.net -H 'content-type: application/json' \
  -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"eth_call","params":[{"to":"0x0E596B4bb924937aA35D9b342A90347ed6F05eF8","data":"0xf3e0c2900000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001e02"},"latest"]}'

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