In-Depth Assessment of School Heads’ Personal and Professional Attributes, Leadership and Strategic Practices for Intervention Programs in Selected Elementary Schools in Gainza District

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{"abstract":"This study examined the functions and characteristics of secondary school heads as managers of academic instruction and developed a technical assistance plan to enhance their supervisory effectiveness in selected elementary schools in the Gainza District. A descriptive research design was employed with 117 school heads and 270 teacher respondents selected through stratified random sampling. Researcher-made questionnaires, interviews, and focus group discussions were used, and data were analyzed using weighted mean, t-test, and Pearson's r correlation. The theoretical framework integrated Trait Theory, Management by Objectives, Administrative Theory, and Theory of Action. Findings revealed that both school heads and teachers strongly agreed that school heads manifest positive personal characteristics (composite means: 3.56 and 3.66), relational values (3.43 and 3.48), and work ethics (3.48 and 3.55). School heads performed managerial functions to a great extent across human resource management, academic supervision, material resource management, and parent engagement. Significant differences in assessments emerged regarding personal characteristics (p=0.042) and material resource management (p=0.014). Personal characteristics and work ethics demonstrated significant relationships with human resource management and academic supervision functions (p=0.000), but not with parent engagement. Major constraints included limited physical facilities, shops, laboratories, academic equipment, insufficient instructional materials, and inadequate textbooks. The study proposes a comprehensive Technical Assistance Development Plan addressing instructional supervision, professional development, and resource management, emphasizing strengthening school heads' competencies in preparing instructional supervisory plans, organizing innovation teams, and enhancing teacher development programs through sustained mentoring and coaching.","abstract_source":"gemini_shortened","authors":["Rechille Serrano","Decimo Espiritu"],"date":"2026-03-29","doi":"10.70838/pemj.540101","id":7473,"issue":1,"journal":{"issn":"2822-4353","name":"Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal"},"pdf_sha256":"a98dda1d080ba61fc711eae9a47a623c987cb8db1f1363a9fe58c7894352a107","schema":"scimatic-article/1","title":"In-Depth Assessment of School Heads’ Personal and Professional Attributes, Leadership and Strategic Practices for Intervention Programs in Selected Elementary Schools in Gainza District","volume":54}

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