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Reading Comprehension Difficulties in Filipino Among Grade 10 Learners: Basis for a Reading Intervention Program

Jeanneliza Liugan, Janeth Lacostales
Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal · 2026-02-11 · DOI 10.70838/pemj.520209
Token #7158
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Token#7158 of SciMatic Articles (ERC-1155), fixed supply 1,000,000
Contract0x0E596B4bb924937aA35D9b342A90347ed6F05eF8
Mint transaction0x7867a02ccdbbf7325857e604a9f484dc0ed9f77100a177e52fad2da045122ffa · block 12109596
Minted2026-10-02 10:55 UTC
Hash on chain0x80b1f5a8613c39a17161c1270d698441c3f3fec3f48d9b83b9a688d5b415ad0d
SHA-256 of the record0x80b1f5a8613c39a17161c1270d698441c3f3fec3f48d9b83b9a688d5b415ad0d
Article today Matches the anchored record.

Allocation at minting

HolderWalletMintedHolds now
SciMatic (10%) 0xc35709AB…277732 100,000 100,000
Jeanneliza Liugan 0x02ace284…3BCF0D 450,000 450,000
Janeth Lacostales 0x905Aa703…fE8520 450,000 450,000

The anchored record

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{"abstract":"This study assessed the reading comprehension difficulties encountered by 245 Grade 10 learners at Pinamungajan National High School in the Philippines to develop a comprehensive intervention program. Despite the students exhibiting a strong academic foundation (88.57% achieved a Grade 9 Filipino average of 85 or higher), the findings indicate significant challenges rooted in lexical nuance and linguistic complexity. Learners reported difficulties (rated \"Agree\") with misinterpreting sentences due to single unfamiliar words (WM = 3.62) and differentiating literal versus figurative meanings (WM = 3.44), which subsequently contributed to moderate difficulties in Inferencing (WM = 3.18) and Understanding Literary Devices (WM = 3.15). At the same time, students reported the frequent use of reading strategies across all phases (e.g., re-reading was rated \"Always,\" WM = 4.62), the correlational analysis revealed that the majority of strategies were ineffective, showing no statistically significant relationship with difficulty reduction. Only the use of Pre-reading strategies showed a weak, significant benefit for higher-order skills. The conclusion is that the difficulties stem from the quality and complexity of the curriculum materials (specifically archaic words, idioms, and complex structures), combined with an inadequate quality of strategy application. It is recommended that the school implement a focused intervention program prioritizing the explicit teaching of figurative language, contextual vocabulary, and structured analytical reading techniques to ensure strategies are not just used frequently but effectively.","abstract_source":"original","authors":["Jeanneliza Liugan","Janeth Lacostales"],"date":"2026-02-11","doi":"10.70838/pemj.520209","id":7158,"issue":2,"journal":{"issn":"2822-4353","name":"Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal"},"pdf_sha256":"2d75f2a8947881d7fec6b981fcb7541cc478174abe9dde95168935d26a25b165","schema":"scimatic-article/1","title":"Reading Comprehension Difficulties in Filipino Among Grade 10 Learners: Basis for a Reading Intervention Program","volume":52}

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2. The hash stored on chain (contentHash(7158)):

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  -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"eth_call","params":[{"to":"0x0E596B4bb924937aA35D9b342A90347ed6F05eF8","data":"0xf3e0c2900000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001bf6"},"latest"]}'

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