English Language Variation and Academic Performance among Key Stage 2 Learners

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{"abstract":"This study investigated the impact of English language variation on the academic performance of Key Stage 2 learners in five selected hinterland schools in Kauswagan District, Lanao del Norte. A descriptive-correlational design was employed, using a validated questionnaire to assess English language variation in terms of phonetic differences, sound inventory, exposure, self-consciousness, and cultural differences. Academic performance was measured through learners’ grades in English. Results indicated a moderate negative correlation (r = –0.537) between English language variation and academic performance, suggesting that greater variation was associated with lower performance. Furthermore, regression analysis revealed that both socio-economic status and English language variation significantly predicted academic performance (R2 = 0.472, p < 0.05). Among the predictors, exposure and self-consciousness had the most substantial effects. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions focusing on improving learners’ exposure to English and reducing language-related anxietyc. The study recommends a culturally responsive, bilingual teaching strategy to enhance academic performance, particularly in linguistically diverse communities like Kauswagan District.","abstract_source":"original","authors":["Johnelyn Olasiman","Ronillo Apas"],"date":"2025-07-17","doi":"10.70838/pemj.420605","id":5816,"issue":6,"journal":{"issn":"2822-4353","name":"Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal"},"pdf_sha256":"eb9fdf367bc0fb6cb65e070afe1e1d7b84eb1bd06fd531a84dccc83b8e74fc21","schema":"scimatic-article/1","title":"English Language Variation and Academic Performance among Key Stage 2 Learners","volume":42}

Check it yourself

1. The record, from the token's own metadata:

printf '%s' "$(curl -s https://scimatic.org/nft/articles/5816.json | jq -r .canonical_record)" | sha256sum

2. The hash stored on chain (contentHash(5816)):

curl -s https://rpc.scimatic.net -H 'content-type: application/json' \
  -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"eth_call","params":[{"to":"0x0E596B4bb924937aA35D9b342A90347ed6F05eF8","data":"0xf3e0c29000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000016b8"},"latest"]}'

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