Internal and External Factors in Reading Performance Among Grade 1 Learners

Allocation at minting

The anchored record

Canonical JSON (keys sorted, no spaces, UTF-8). Its SHA-256 is the hash on chain.

{"abstract":"This study examines the internal and external factors influencing the reading proficiency of Grade 1 learners at Babag 1 Elementary School in Lapu-Lapu City. Using a descriptive-correlational and causal-comparative research design, data were collected from 100 parents through a researcher-made survey questionnaire measuring socio-economic profile and perceived factors affecting reading proficiency. Results revealed that most parents belong to the lower-middle income bracket, with smartphones as the most available learning device. Teacher-provided reading tasks emerged as the strongest external factor, while decoding skills were the primary internal strength among learners, although motivation for leisure reading remained limited. Most pupils performed at a “Satisfactory” level in reading. Correlation analysis showed that both internal and external factors significantly relate to reading performance; however, regression findings indicated that only internal factors significantly predict reading proficiency. These results highlighted that strengthening young learners’ intrinsic motivation, attention, and engagement in reading is more influential than socio-economic support alone. Lastly, an action plan is crafted and recommended for implementation to foster lifelong reading interest.","abstract_source":"original","authors":["Emerald Charlene May Eugenio"],"date":"2026-09-25","doi":"10.70838/PEMJ.630310","id":10860,"issue":3,"journal":{"issn":"2822-4353","name":"Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal"},"pdf_sha256":"d1cc69ceaf1b4dc6aef7f847faf3db72dee1806fb1a03c047eec656b61fe91ac","schema":"scimatic-article/1","title":"Internal and External Factors in Reading Performance Among Grade 1 Learners","volume":63}

Check it yourself

1. The record, from the token's own metadata:

printf '%s' "$(curl -s https://scimatic.org/nft/articles/10860.json | jq -r .canonical_record)" | sha256sum

2. The hash stored on chain (contentHash(10860)):

curl -s https://rpc.scimatic.net -H 'content-type: application/json' \
  -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"eth_call","params":[{"to":"0x0E596B4bb924937aA35D9b342A90347ed6F05eF8","data":"0xf3e0c2900000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002a6c"},"latest"]}'

The two must be equal (the second with a 0x in front).