Abstract
This explanatory-sequential study investigates the dominant leadership styles and their influence on target outcomes achievement among heads of department and/or organization at two local colleges in Cebu, Philippines: Sibonga Community College and Carcar City College. Utilizing the Path-Goal Theory as its theoretical framework, the study employed questionnaires to identify leadership styles and Individual Performance Commitment Review (IPCR) data to assess target outcomes. Subsequent semi-structured interviews explored factors contributing to dominant styles and their perceived influence on outcomes. Quantitative analysis revealed Achievement-Oriented and Participative leadership as prevalent, while Supportive leadership was less dominant. IPCR ratings indicated a "Very Satisfactory" level of target outcomes achievement in both institutions. Correlation analysis showed weak and non-significant relationships between the four Path-Goal leadership styles and target outcomes. Qualitative findings identified clear communication, accountability, and mentorship as factors shaping Directive leadership; clear communication, relationship building, and empathy for Supportive leadership; collaboration, empowerment, and open communication for Participative leadership; and developing potential, challenging tasks, and clear expectations for Achievement-Oriented leadership. The perceived influence of these styles on target outcomes varied, with Directive leaders emphasizing clarity and efficiency, Supportive leaders focusing on harmony, Participative leaders on autonomy and collaboration, and Achievement-Oriented leaders on skill development and productivity. Based on these findings, the study proposes a leadership program of extension, "SUPPORT (Strengthening Understanding, People-Oriented, and Resilient Teams)," designed to enhance supportive leadership skills and overall leadership effectiveness in the local college context.
